พุทรา (Put-sa) / Indian Jujube
Family: Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus mauritiana, known in Thai as พุทรา (Put-sa), is a small, thorny tree cultivated throughout Thailand for its nutritious fruit and medicinal value. The fruit, leaves, and bark have long been used in traditional Thai and Ayurvedic medicine for their restorative and calming effects.
Botanical Characteristics
The tree grows 5–12 meters tall, featuring zigzag branches with small spines. Its leaves are glossy green on top and pale beneath, with three distinct veins running from the base. The plant produces small yellowish flowers and round to oval fruits that turn reddish-brown when ripe, offering a sweet-tart flavor.
Use in Thai Traditional Medicine
The fruit is consumed to boost energy, relieve fatigue, and strengthen the immune system. The leaves are used in infusions to reduce fever, cleanse the blood, and promote calmness. Bark decoctions are applied to treat wounds and skin infections. In folk practice, พุทรา is also used to promote better sleep and digestion.
Medicinal Compounds
Rich in vitamin C, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and adaptogenic effects. The compounds contribute to stress relief, liver protection, and enhanced metabolism.
Culinary and Nutritional Uses
The fruits are eaten fresh, pickled, or candied. High in vitamin C and natural sugars, they provide a refreshing snack and a source of essential micronutrients. In rural Thailand, dried fruits are used in herbal teas and tonics.
Cultivation Notes
Ziziphus mauritiana grows well in tropical and subtropical climates, tolerating drought and poor soils. It thrives in full sun and benefits from light pruning to maintain shape. Regular harvesting encourages new fruiting cycles throughout the year.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
