ยอ (Yo) / Noni / Indian Mulberry
Family: Rubiaceae
Morinda citrifolia, known locally as ยอ (Yo), is a tropical evergreen shrub with shiny leaves and a distinctively scented fruit. It has been an essential component of Thai traditional medicine for centuries, valued for its detoxifying, immune-boosting, and digestive-supporting properties.
Botanical Characteristics
Noni grows between 2–6 meters tall with large, glossy, opposite leaves. The plant produces small, white tubular flowers that develop into oval fruits. The fruit turns from green to translucent white when ripe and emits a strong, pungent aroma. It thrives in coastal regions and nutrient-poor soils, demonstrating high resilience to drought and salinity.
Use in Thai Traditional Medicine
Both the fruit and leaves are used in Thai herbal practice. The fruit is believed to support liver function, reduce inflammation, and enhance immunity. The leaves are applied topically to relieve joint pain and swelling. Noni juice is commonly used as a natural tonic for general health and vitality.
Medicinal Compounds
Contains alkaloids (notably xeronine precursors), polysaccharides, flavonoids, and iridoids that exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Regular use is associated with improved digestion, energy balance, and immune response.
Culinary and Cultural Uses
While its strong odor divides opinion, the fruit is sometimes used in traditional Thai dishes, especially fermented or cooked forms that soften its intensity. Noni juice is also sold as a health drink across Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
Cultivation Notes
Morinda citrifolia prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It tolerates sandy and coastal areas, grows easily from cuttings or seeds, and requires minimal care once established. Pruning helps maintain shape and encourages fruiting.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
