ยอ (Yo) – Noni / Indian Mulberry
Family: Rubiaceae
Morinda citrifolia, known in Thailand as ยอ (Yo), is a tropical evergreen shrub native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. It has long been cultivated in Thai herbal medicine for its health-promoting properties. The plant produces shiny green leaves and distinctive oval fruits with a pungent aroma that intensifies when ripe.
Botanical Characteristics
Noni grows between 2–6 meters tall with large, glossy, opposite leaves and small white tubular flowers that form clusters. Its fruit turns from green to creamy white as it ripens, emitting a characteristic strong odor. The plant thrives in coastal, humid environments and is resilient to poor soil and salt exposure.
Use in Thai Traditional Medicine
Both leaves and fruit of Morinda citrifolia are used in Thai traditional remedies. The fruit is known as a detoxifying agent, believed to cleanse the liver and improve digestion. The leaves are used in poultices to relieve joint pain and inflammation. Regular use is thought to strengthen the immune system and support general vitality.
Nutritional and Pharmacological Notes
Noni contains high levels of antioxidants, vitamin C, and proxeronine, which the body converts into xeronine—a compound believed to aid in cellular repair. It has been studied for its potential anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The juice and leaf extracts are used in modern herbal supplements across Asia and the Pacific.
Cultivation Notes
Easy to propagate from cuttings or seeds, Morinda citrifolia prefers full sun and moist soil. It tolerates drought but grows most vigorously in fertile, well-drained ground. The plant at Kamala Beach Estate’s Thai Medicinal Herb Garden is maintained for educational display and sustainable herbal use.
Historical Context
Noni has been used for over 2,000 years across Polynesia and Southeast Asia. In Thailand, it was traditionally boiled with other herbs in tonics believed to purify the blood and maintain energy balance. Its continued use today reflects a blend of ancient herbal wisdom and modern interest in natural wellness.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
