หนาดใหญ่หลวง (Nad Yai Luang) / Bitter Leaf Tree
Family: Asteraceae
Gymnanthemum extensum, commonly known as the Bitter Leaf Tree, is a traditional Thai medicinal plant prized for its detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and blood sugar–balancing properties. It is native to tropical Asia and commonly found in Thai herbal gardens and local medicine markets.
Botanical Characteristics
This perennial shrub grows up to 3 meters tall with light green, slightly glossy leaves and woody stems. The leaves have a distinctly bitter taste and are the main part used in herbal preparations. The plant thrives in sunny areas with moist, well-drained soil.
Traditional Uses in Thai Medicine
In Thai traditional medicine, หนาดใหญ่หลวง is used to lower blood sugar levels, detoxify the liver, stimulate appetite, and improve digestion. It is also taken as a bitter tonic to reduce internal heat, cleanse the blood, and promote overall vitality. The leaves are often brewed into a tea or eaten fresh in small amounts.
Medicinal Compounds
The plant contains sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and polyphenols known for their antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. These compounds support insulin sensitivity, protect against oxidative stress, and reduce inflammation throughout the body.
Culinary and Folk Applications
Although primarily medicinal, the young leaves are sometimes used in northern Thai cuisine, especially in local soups or herbal tonics. Its extreme bitterness is considered cleansing and beneficial for the liver and digestive system.
Cultivation Notes
Gymnanthemum extensum prefers full sunlight and well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. It can be propagated easily by cuttings and should be pruned regularly to encourage new leaf growth. Regular watering supports steady development, though mature plants tolerate short dry periods.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
