พุด (Phut)
Family: Rubiaceae
Gardenia jasminoides is an evergreen shrub admired for its glossy green leaves and large, white, highly fragrant flowers. Native to southern China and now widespread across tropical Asia, this plant thrives in warm, humid climates and prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soil. The lustrous foliage and intoxicating scent have made it both a popular ornamental species and a valued medicinal plant in traditional Asian medicine.
Botanical Characteristics
The shrub typically grows between 1 and 2 meters tall. Its leaves are opposite, elliptic, and leathery, with a deep green surface. Flowers are waxy, pure white, and bloom primarily during the hot season. As they age, the petals often turn creamy-yellow, signaling pollination. The fruit is an orange ovoid berry containing numerous seeds, though it is rarely produced in cultivated specimens.
Use in Thai Traditional Medicine
In Thai traditional medicine, พุด (Phut) is used for its cooling and detoxifying properties. The flowers and fruit are employed to reduce internal heat, treat fever, and soothe inflammation. Decoctions from the root or fruit have been used as a mild sedative and to promote liver health. The dried flowers are also used to scent herbal teas and massage oils, symbolizing purity and calm in traditional Thai wellness practices.
Cultivation Notes
Gardenia jasminoides prefers bright light and moist soil with good drainage. It benefits from regular pruning after flowering to maintain shape and encourage new growth. In the KBE Thai Medicinal Herb Garden, this species is grown both for study and for sensory value, demonstrating how beauty and medicinal utility often coexist in nature.
Historical Context
Historically, gardenia species have been mentioned in Chinese and Thai herbal compendiums for more than a thousand years. The fruit’s yellow pigment was once used as a natural dye, while the fragrant flowers featured in temple offerings and royal gardens throughout Siamese history.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
