น้อยหน่า (Noi Na)
Family: Annonaceae
Annona squamosa, commonly called the Sugar Apple or Custard Apple, is a small tropical tree native to the Americas and widely cultivated across Thailand. Known locally as น้อยหน่า (Noi Na), it is valued both as a fruit crop and as a traditional medicinal plant. Its leaves, bark, and seeds are used in herbal remedies for digestive support, head lice treatment, and topical insect control.
Botanical Characteristics
This deciduous shrub or small tree grows 3–6 meters tall with spreading branches and simple, oblong leaves. The leaves are alternate, light green, and emit a faint fragrance when crushed. The fruit has a segmented green rind and soft, sweet white pulp inside, containing several dark brown seeds. It thrives in warm, sunny conditions and well-drained soil.
Use in Thai Traditional Medicine
In Thai herbal practice, น้อยหน่า leaves are used externally as a natural insect repellent and for treating scalp conditions such as lice and dandruff. The crushed leaves or seeds are mixed with coconut oil for topical use. Internally, small doses of leaf or bark decoction are used to stimulate digestion and reduce intestinal parasites. The ripe fruit is regarded as cooling and nourishing, commonly eaten to aid recovery and relieve mild stomach discomfort.
Cultivation Notes
Annona squamosa prefers full sun and moderate watering. It grows well in sandy or loamy soils and produces fruit within three to four years. Regular pruning improves air circulation and yield. In the KBE Thai Medicinal Herb Garden, this plant represents the traditional balance between food and medicine, offering both nutritional and therapeutic value.
Historical Context
Introduced to Southeast Asia centuries ago through early trade routes, น้อยหน่า quickly became integrated into Thai home gardens. Its leaves have been part of folk remedies for generations, especially in rural Thailand, where it was used as a practical household medicine for both people and animals.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
