ยอ (Yo) / Noni / Indian Mulberry
Family: Rubiaceae
Morinda citrifolia, known in Thailand as ยอ (Yo), is a tropical evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. It has long been used in Thai and Polynesian herbal medicine for its restorative and detoxifying properties.
Botanical Characteristics
The Noni tree grows between 2–6 meters tall with large, glossy, opposite leaves and small white tubular flowers that form clusters. The plant produces oval fruits that turn creamy white and emit a strong aroma when ripe. It thrives in coastal and humid tropical environments.
Use in Thai Traditional Medicine
In Thai medicine, ยอ is used to purify the blood, stimulate digestion, and enhance vitality. The fruit, roots, and leaves are all used in herbal preparations. Noni juice is traditionally taken as a tonic to strengthen the immune system and balance the body’s internal energy.
Medicinal Properties
Noni contains powerful antioxidants, including scopoletin and polysaccharides, which may help reduce inflammation, support liver function, and improve cellular repair. It is also believed to regulate blood sugar and aid in detoxification.
Culinary and Other Uses
Though the ripe fruit has a strong smell, it is used in some traditional Thai dishes and fermented drinks. Young leaves can be cooked and eaten as a green vegetable, often paired with coconut-based curries in southern Thailand.
Cultivation Notes
Morinda citrifolia prefers full sun and moist, well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that tolerates poor soil and saline conditions, making it suitable for coastal gardens. Regular pruning supports healthy leaf production and fruiting.
Historical Context
Noni has been valued for centuries in Ayurvedic, Polynesian, and Thai healing systems. It was traditionally regarded as a “life-prolonging plant,” symbolizing strength and inner cleansing. Today, it remains a central figure in tropical herbal medicine.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
