กระท่อม (Kratom)
Family: Rubiaceae
Mitragyna speciosa, known in Thai as กระท่อม (Kratom), is a tropical evergreen tree native to southern Thailand and other parts of Southeast Asia. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its stimulating and pain-relieving properties. In rural communities, Kratom leaves were traditionally chewed by farmers and laborers to reduce fatigue, relieve muscle pain, and improve endurance.
Botanical Characteristics
The tree can grow up to 15–20 meters tall. The leaves are large, glossy, and ovate with prominent venation. Small, round yellow flowers appear in clusters. The leaves contain alkaloids such as mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, which act on opioid receptors in the human body.
Use in Thai Traditional Medicine
Kratom leaves are used to relieve chronic pain, increase energy, and aid digestion. In traditional Thai herbal medicine, it was also used to treat diarrhea, fever, and as an appetite suppressant. When taken in low doses, it acts as a mild stimulant; at higher doses, it can have sedative and analgesic effects.
Preparation & Application
Fresh or dried leaves are chewed, brewed into tea, or powdered for decoction. Traditional use emphasizes moderation and balance, as the plant’s strength can vary widely depending on age, region, and preparation.
Cultural & Legal Context
Kratom has a long and complex history in Thailand. Formerly restricted under narcotic laws, it has been reclassified as a legal traditional medicinal herb under specific regulations since 2021, reflecting renewed respect for its cultural and therapeutic roles.
Cultivation Notes
Mitragyna speciosa thrives in humid, tropical environments with rich, well-drained soil. It prefers full sun and regular moisture. In the KBE Thai Medicinal Herb Garden, it is maintained as a heritage species representing the intersection of traditional knowledge and modern regulation.
Historical Context
References to Kratom appear in early Thai and Malay ethnobotanical records. It was considered a “plant of endurance,” supporting workers and healers alike. Its rediscovery today marks a broader return to indigenous herbal wisdom within modern medicine.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational and historical purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any herbal preparation.
